Impact of rubber & plastic machines in its industry

Innovation- Step by step work makes the process easy which gave birth to the innovation, it can be said as the development generates curiosity which results in innovation; like in plastic and rubber industry, we cannot imagine the phases and types of semi-finished or finished products of plastic and rubber.

Perfection- Machine generally works with 99.99 percent perfect and fast work, which means no error at all, that’s why plastic products or rubber products have perfection in molds and usage.

Manpower- when machines were not introduced then labors uses to call strikes and lockouts a lot because the whole unit depends upon them but know the scenario is changed.

Economy- Using machine is highly economic in nature, which means manpower increase the cost of the product while machine decreases its cost.

Time- when a process is done manually then it takes lots of time while when that process is done with machines then it takes less time comparatively.

Machine revolution changes the scenario of industries a lot, but it affects plastic and rubber industry the most, that’s why I am talking about the impact.

Plastics Manufacturing process & History

Plastics are made up of polymers, but some polymers like biopolymers are not plastics. Plastic materials are being used in day to day life like computers, pen, mobile phones, compact discs, pendrive, and toothbrushes etc.

Plastic is defined as any synthetic or semi-synthetic organic material that can be shaped or molded into any form. Chemical composition of plastics includes chains of carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.

History of plastics 

In 1284 naturally made plastic compounds from horn and tortoiseshell were identified

1820 plastic timeline

In 1823, Scottish chemist Charles Macintosh discovered rubber.

In 1845, Henry Bewley produced natural rubber from plant gutta percha

In 1850, first submarine telegraph cable in gutta percha laid between Dover and Calais

In 1862, Londoner Alexander Parkes unveiled first man-made Parkesine plastic compound

In 1869, John W. Hyatt invented Celluloid [colorless flammable material]

In 1872, Hyatt brothers patented first plastics injection moulding machine

In 1880 cellulose nitrate replacing horn as the preferred material for combs

In 1885, George Eastman Kodak patents machine for producing continuous photographic film based on cellulose nitrate.

1900 plastic timeline

In 1908, Jacques E. Brandenberger invented Cellophane [transparent cellulose material]

In 1909, Casein plastics, derived from milk, developed by Erinoid.

In 1909, H. Baekeland created first fully synthetic plastic product called Bakelite

In 1916, Rolls Royce begins to use phenol formaldehyde in its car interiors.

In 1920, Polyvinyl chloride or PVC was created.

In 1925, Plastic term was coined.

In 1930, in this year scotch tape was invented by 3M company

In 1933, Fawcett and Gibson discovered polyethylene material

In 1938, first toothbrush with nylons tufts manufactured.

In 1939, in this year nylon created.

In 1942, Dr Harry Coover discovered Super Glue (methyl cyanoacrylate).

In 1948, Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) produced.

In 1949, Tupperware material made from low density polyethylene.

In 1949, DuPont invented Lycra product which is based on polyurethane.

In 1953, Lexan plastic material was invented by Daniel Fox.

In 1959 Barbie Doll unveiled at American International Toy Fair.

In 1965 DuPont released products with the trade name of Kevlar.

In 1973, Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles introduced.

In 1988, triangular recycling symbols relating to plastics were introduced.

2000 to 2022 plastic timeline

In 2003 Recovinyl [it is a European PVC recycling system] was established

2005 in this year NASA explores the advantages of a polyethylene based material RFX1 [RFX1 used for spaceship construction]

In 2011, vinylplus — sustainability programme established

In 2012 PVC fabric used in the construction of London Olympic venues

2020 PVC products production will reaches to 800,000 tones per year

2022 in this year the FIFA world cup qatar showcase stadium is planning to use super reflective, triangulated PVC fabric to create a zero carbon.

Manufacturing process of plastics

Preparation of raw materials

Preparation of monomer

Polymerization process

Conversion of polymer resins to plastic products

In the process of converting polymer resins to plastic product following steps are involved

Extrusion

Injection molding

Blow molding

Rotational molding

Source:https://www.sukoptfe.com/plastics-manufacturing-process-history

Determine the Properties of Polymers at Different Temperature

Most of the Plastics at normal room temperatures usually show the properties of flexibility and high resistance of the material to cracking but when the temperature decreases the rapid changes in the properties of the plastics can be viewed as plastics become brittle at low temperature. Low temperature can be more harmful to plastics rather than high temperatures. The failure of the plastic material occurs when the material is not taken into account after considering the low-temperature properties of the plastics.

How Plastics Reacts at different temperatures?

Plastics comprises of long chains of molecules that are joined with each other. The degree of tangle changes with the shape and length of the polymers. The basic way to examine the quality of the polymers is to heat then at high temperature. You will observe that at the time of heating all the molecules will be tangled up, and each particle will form a long chain, but when the polymer is cooled down, the molecules of the polymers get stacked one above the other and affects the shape of the polymers. Similarly, the long chains in most of the polymers at moderate temperatures are slip over one another and the resistance of the material to crack becomes strong. This state of the polymer is considered as Rubbery.

Testing Machines for Determination of Different Temperatures

· Ultra-Low Deep Freezer — The testing device is used to create extremely low temperatures inside the chambers that help to analyze the properties of polymers and to measure the behavior of different types of plastics.

· Humidity Test Chambers — The instrument is used to determine the quality of the products at varied temperatures. The device creates both high and low temperature inside the laboratories to measure the effect of fog and humidity on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the materials.

The manufacturers in polymer industries make use of high-quality testing machines to test the quality of the polymers at low and high temperatures such as ultra-low deep freezers, humidity test chambers, muffle furnace, and many more. These testing instruments are used by the manufacturers in order to assure the quality of the products to end customers and also to enhance the quality of products to enhance the working life of the product. The technique of quality testing is followed to enlarge the list of satisfied customers. Presto, being one of the renowned manufacturer and suppliers of testing devices manufactures a wide range of testing machine to determine the effect of low and high temperatures on polymers. These testing machines are designed keeping in mind the standards that are introduced by various standardization authorities such as ASTM, ISO, BIS and many more.

The advantages of the extrusion blow molding

Molding Machine are those which are used to make shapes out of materials such as plastic, rubber and metal. There are a lot of different techniques for molding materials. The Stretch Blow Molding Machine techniques used is thermoses and thermoplastics and these change the nature of the plastic that has been processed through these techniques. Thermo sets make the plastic retain the shape that it has been molded in. Once you try to change it, you will have to melt it and in this process, this plastic will burn and become useless. The molded thermoplastics are made in small pieces that make their transportation easier and then melted together to make a pool out of it after which it can be given the shape of anything that the manufacturer wants to produce.

1)The cost of the extrusion blow molding machine is cheaper than that of injection molding machine, about one third of the injection blow molding machine.

2)On blowing molding, the preform is formed under low pressure through the extrusion equipment heat, in this circumstance, the residual stress of the products is small. With its good performance in tensile, impact, bending and other variety of environments, It have the good function.

3)In the injection blow molding, the plastic melt at high pressure (15–140Mpa) through the mold runner and gate, which will lead to uneven stress distribution.

4)The moleculars of blowing mold grade plastics(e.g,PE)are more than that of injection mold.
Such blow molding products have a high impact toughness and high resistance to environmental stress cracking performance, which is very favorable for the large-capacity production of plastic bottles.

5)The wall thickness of the blow molding products can be very thin while the injection molding products cannot be so thin as blowing mold process.

6)Blow molding process can shape complex and irregular products, but the injection molding process has to produce two or more pieces, and then stick it by the glue or bond it or using ultrasonic welding.

Source:https://www.sukoptfe.com/the-advantages-of-the-extrusion-blow-molding

Benefits of a Gas Furnace

If you are considering your different options that may be used for home heating, you should definitely take a look at the gas furnaces. If you are planning to get a new heating system installed, it is best to do it at the onset of winters. They have a lot of advantages over other types of furnaces like oil or electric ones. Before you take the final step and purchase the furnace, please take into account the list of benefits that we have compiled.

Monetary benefits

Gas furnaces are not expensive to maintain. Yes, electric furnaces might be cheaper, but they can never provide the same output of heat. On the other hand, gas furnaces are rather durable and would not break down often. Therefore you wouldn’t have to worry about repairing them a lot. Buying a gas furnace is always a good investment and it is a one-time purchase because once you buy it you won’t have to worry about it for the next 15 years.

If you also consider some of the short term advantages, keep in mind that gas furnaces are going to save you a lot of money on your utility bills. Most of these devices use natural gas and it is yet the cheapest fossil fuel available on the market. It is also the cleanest of them all which means there won’t be additional harmful fumes.

Increased efficiency

Gas is the most efficient fuel on the market that you can burn. If you make a comparison between all of the fossil fuels, you would find out that gas produces the most heat if we consider the amount that has been burned. In addition it produces the least amount of waste in comparison to other fuels. Natural gas in general is an excellent choice.

Highest quality heating

The truth is that natural gas furnaces are generally of the highest quality that you can find for your home. They could be used as part of your central heating system or as a water heater, for instance, or actually for everything that might require heat.
All in all, gas furnaces are truly one of the best solutions for heating up your home. Not only would they provide a warm environment but they also bring a lot of comfort on the table. You can be sure that it won’t be costly, especially if the whole installation is done by the book. There are a lot of reasons that you could take into consideration while shopping for a furnace, but gas powered furnaces undeniably are something to consider. It may be a bit more expensive and larger than most of the electric furnaces but it is a one-time investment for the next 15 years at the very least and it is going to offer a great return on investment ratio with the efficiency it offers.

Plastic Single Screw Extruder

 

Single screw extrusion is one of the core operations in polymer processing and is also a key component in many other processing operations. The foremost goal of a single screw extrusion process is to build pressure in a polymer melt so that it can be extruded through a die or injected into a mold. Most machines are plasticizing: they bring in solids in pellet or powder form and melt them as well as building pressure.

A single-screw extruder is a press which pushes material through its barrel under conditions of high pressure and temperature. It can produce objects of different length with a cross-section corresponding to the outlet opening.

Benefits of Sunkoo Screw Extruder:

Sunkoo engineer has design Single Screw Extruders with modular design concepts to meet market requirements. The result is built-in flexibility, lower cost, faster deliveries and ultimately, an exceptionally competitive value to our customers, from stand-alone extruders to complete systems. The single screw extruders handle applications such as sheet, custom profile, pipe, pelletizing, medical tubing, wire and cable.

Applications

The extrusion process melts the raw material and then hardens it once shaped. It can be applied to ceramics, rubber, thermoplastic polymers, pasta and other food products.

Plastic Injection Machine and its functions

Concept of mold and molding is quite popular in the plastic industries. Plastic has the advantageous features like high malleability, cheap in cost, high stability. So it is being used pervasively in molding. Basically Plastic injection molding is the main process for manufacturing plastic parts. Coming to the concept of molding, it is a process of manufacturing by which liquid or pliable new material get a rigid shape called a mold. In simple terms, plastic molding is a process where plastic is molded into the desired shape.

Injection molding has a great contribution in manufacturing so many domestic and industrial products. It is used to create many types of equipment like such as electronic housings, containers, bottle caps, automotive interiors, combs, and most other plastic products available today. The features like high tolerance precision, repeatability, large material selection, low labor cost, minimal scrap losses, and little need to finish parts after molding are the major advantages of the injection molding.

The plastic injection mold generally require followings in the process of plastic injection molding-

1. an injection molding machine
2. raw plastic material
3. A mold.

For manufacturing of plastic injections, there are various types of raw materials such as thermosetting plastic, elastomers and thermoplastic polymers (resins) etc are used for manufacturing of plastic injections as these materials have a greater viscosity. The plastic injection machines have basic component parts such as material hopper, heating unit, plunger etc. The plastic is melted in the injection molding machine and then injected into the mold, where it cools and solidifies into the final part.